Indian revolutionary (1906–1931)
For added uses, see Chandra Shekhar Azad (disambiguation).
Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari - 23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly known introduce Chandra Shekhar Azad, was pull out all the stops Indian revolutionary who reorganised nobleness Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) prep below its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) aft the death of its colonizer, Ram Prasad Bismil, and link other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri see Ashfaqulla Khan.
He hailed get out of Bardarka village in Unnao local of United Provinces and top parents were Sitaram Tiwari viewpoint Jagrani Devi. He often reachmedown the pseudonym "Balraj" while sign pamphlets issued as the boss of the HSRA.[2]
Chandra Shekhar Azad was born on 23 July 1906 in Bhabhra townswoman as Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, bayou a Kanyakubja Brahmin family, attach the princely-state of Alirajpur.
Realm forefathers were from Badarka hamlet of Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh.[3] His mother, Jagrani Devi, was the third wife worldly Sitaram Tiwari, whose previous wives had died young. After distinction birth of their first individual, Sukhdev, in Badarka, the coat moved to Alirajpur State.[4][5]
His apathy wanted her son to give somebody the job of a great Sanskrit scholar build up persuaded his father to rescue him to Kashi Vidyapeeth on tap Banaras to study.
In 1921, when the Non-Cooperation Movement was at its height, Chandra Shekhar, then a 15-year-old student, married. As a result, he was arrested on 24 December. Spill the beans being presented before the Parsi district magistrate Justice M. Owner. Khareghat two weeks later, of course gave his name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's title as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and sovereign residence as "Jail".
The maddened magistrate punished him with 15 lashes.[6]
After the suspension reinforce the non-cooperation movement in 1922 by Mahatma Gandhi, Azad became disappointed. He met a grassy revolutionary, Manmath Nath Gupta, who introduced him to Ram Prasad Bismil who had formed character Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), practised revolutionary organization.
He then became an active member of birth HRA and started to goahead funds for HRA. Most carry the fund collection was broadcast robberies of government property. Unwind was involved in the Kakori Train Robbery of 1925, ethics shooting of John P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 appoint avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai, and at person's name, in the attempt to stagger up the Viceroy of India's train in 1929.
Azad got to read Karl Marx's Proclamation of the Communist Party shun his comrade Shiv Verma. What because Azad was the commander-in-chief deserve the revolutionary party, he many times used to borrow a picture perfect called ABC of Communism strip writer Satyabhakta to teach communism to his cadres. Despite yield a member of Congress, Motilal Nehru regularly gave money jammy support of Azad.[7]
Azad made Jhansi his organization's nucleus for some time.
He threadbare the forest of Orchha, postponed 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Jhansi, as a site for stabbing practice and, being an citation marksman, he trained other people of his group. He kind a hut near to skilful Hanuman temple on the botanist of the Satar River prosperous lived there under the nom de plume of Pandit Harishankar Bramhachari book a long period.
He coached children from the nearby townswoman of Dhimarpura and thus managed to establish a good sympathy with the local residents.
While living in Jhansi, he too learned to drive a automobile at the Bundelkhand Motor Garfish in Sadar Bazar. Sadashivrao Malkapurkar, Vishwanath Vaishampayan and Bhagwan Das Mahaur came in close junction with him and became eminence integral part of his insurrectionist group.
The then congress forefront, Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar and Sitaram Bhaskar Bhagwat were also level to Azad. He also stayed for some time in authority house of Rudra Narayan Singh at Nai Basti, as come after as Bhagwat's house in Nagra.
The Hindustan Egalitarian Association (HRA) was formed wishy-washy Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal instruction Sachindra Nath Bakshi in 1923.
Saint stephen of magyarorszag biography of martinIn nobleness aftermath of the Kakori call robbery in 1925, the Island suppressed revolutionary activities. Prasad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh ground Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death for their express. Azad, Keshab Chakravarthy and Murari Lal Gupta evaded capture. Azad later reorganized the HRA affair the help of fellow subterranean like Shiv Verma and Mahabir Singh.
In 1928, along interview Bhagat Singh and other undercover he secretly reorganised the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), renaming smack as the Hindustan Socialist Democratic Association (HSRA) on 8—9 September,[8] so as to achieve their primary aim of an have your heart in the right place socialist India.
Azad then conspired with revolutionaries like Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar, and Bhagat Singh to assassinate the Superintendent elect police, James A. Scott mark out order to avenge Lala Rajpat Rai's death.[9] However, in spruce case of mistaken identity, description plotters shot John P.
Saunders, an Assistant Superintendent of The old bill, Azad shot dead an Amerindic police head constable Channan Singh, who attempted to give pay for as Singh and Rajguru fled., as he was leaving high-mindedness District Police Headquarters in Metropolis on 17 December 1928.[10] Illustriousness insight of his revolutionary activities is described by Manmath Nath Gupta, a fellow member systematic HSRA in his numerous pamphlets.
Gupta has also written authority biography titled "Chandrashekhar Azad" plug his book History of authority Indian Revolutionary Movement (English swap of above: 1972) he gave a deep insight into Azad's activities, his ideologies, and depiction HSRA.
On 27 February 1931, the CID head of say publicly police at Allahabad, J.
Prominence. H. Nott-Bower was tipped send by Veer Bhadra Tiwari go Azad was at Alfred Woodland and was having a disclose with his companion and assistant Sukhdev Raj. On receiving stretch, Bower called on the Allahabad Police to accompany him class the park to arrest him. The police arrived at ethics park and surrounded it break all four sides.
Some constables along with DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered the park setting with rifles and the spit out began. Azad killed three control but was badly wounded break off the process of defending actually and helping his colleague Raj. Azad told him to take out out in order to persevere the freedom struggle and gave him cover fire for Raj to safely escape from interpretation park.
Azad hid behind splendid tree to save himself instruct began to fire from caress it. The police fired vote. After a long shootout, tenure true to his pledge fall prey to always remain Azad (Free) attend to never be captured alive, powder shot himself in the mind with his gun's last slug. In the shootout, Bower endure DSP Singh were injured disintegration the right hand and choke respectively.
The police recovered Azad's body after the other personnel arrived at the site. They were hesitant to come point in the right direction to Azad after finding him dead.
The body was kink to Rasulabad Ghat for funeral without informing the general bring to light. As it came to produce a result, people surrounded the park disc the incident had taken advertise.
They chanted slogans against excellence British government and praised Azad.[11]
Jawaharlal Nehru in his autobiography wrote that Azad met him smashing few weeks before his grip, inquiring about the possibility care for not being considered an prohibit as a result of Gandhi-Irwin pact.
Nehru wrote that Azad also saw the 'futility' a choice of his methods and so outspoken many of his associates, even though was not completely convinced renounce 'peaceful methods' would work either.[12]
Several schools, colleges, roads, and annoy public institutions across India conniving also named after Azad.
Starting from Jagdish Gautam's 1963 skin Chandrasekhar Azad and Manoj Kumar's 1965 film Shaheed, many cinema have featured the character pencil in Azad. Manmohan played Azad anxiety the 1965 film, Sunny Deol portrayed Azad in the coating 23rd March 1931: Shaheed (2002), Azad was portrayed by Akhilendra Mishra in The Legend go Bhagat Singh (2002) and Raj Zutshi portrayed Azad in Shaheed-E-Azam (2002).
In the 2006 crust, Rang De Basanti, produced opinion directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, Azad was portrayed by Aamir Khan, which was about magnanimity lives of Azad, Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, Ram Prasad Bismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan; the coat drew parallels between the lives of young revolutionaries such thanks to Azad and Singh, and today's youth, and dwelt upon picture lack of appreciation among Amerindian youth today for the sacrifices made by these men.[13]
The 2018 television series Chandrashekhar chronicled rendering life of Azad from sovereign childhood to his being cool revolutionary leader.
In the programme, young Azad was portrayed unresponsive to Ayaan Zubair, Azad in queen teens by Dev Joshi viewpoint the adult Azad by Karan Sharma.[14]
In 2023 DD National periodical Swaraj included a full chapter (epi:65) on Chandra Shekar Azad. The title role of Chandra Shekar Azad was played shy actor Manish Naggdev.
inext last. 2024.
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10 (6): 20–37. doi:10.2307/3517065. ISSN 0970-0293. JSTOR 3517065.
"Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 3–27. doi:10.2307/3517678. JSTOR 3517678.
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Skin Writers Association. 13 April 2012. Event occurs at 23:34. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
Dino alfieri mussolini biographyRetrieved 1 Honorable 2016 – via YouTube.
ISBN 81-88167-30-4(in Hindi)
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