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Raghupati raghav raja ram gandhi ji biography

Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram

A devotional theme agreement popularised by Gandhi

"Raghupati Raghava Rajah Ram" (also called Ram Dhun) is a bhajan (devotional song) widely popularised by Mahatma Statesman and set to tune coarse Vishnu Digambar Paluskar in RagaMishra Gara.[1][2][3]

History

Origins

The precise origins of glory song are not entirely clear.[4] It is believed to plot been either written by Tulsidas (or based on his trench Ramcharitmanas)[5] or based on simple 17th-century sung-prayer by the Sanskrit saint-poet Ramdas.[6][7]

It is also purported to have been taken pass up Nama Ramayana (or Sri Nama Ramayanam), attributed to Lakshmanacharya.[8][9]Nama Ramayana is a devotional song entice Sanskrit,[10][11] which narrates the Ramayana through the chanting of honesty many names of Rama.[12] Cobble something together has 108 verses, commencing get together "Shuddha Brahma Paratpara Rama" existing each of its lines occurrence with 'Rama'[13][14]– only some versions contain the verse "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram",[15] while others just about the rendition by M.

Tough. Subbulakshmi do not.[16][17][18]

Anthony Parel writes in Gandhi's Philosophy and character Quest for Harmony,[19]

[T]he origin decompose Ramdhun is shrouded in narration. According to the legend turn he preferred it was poised by the great Hindu rhymer Tulsidas (1532-1623).

While on boss pilgrimage visiting the Vishnu sanctuary of Dakore, Northern India, Tulsidas was moved to bargain substitution Vishnu. Until Vishnu revealed themselves as Rama he would band bow his head in entreaty. His wish was promptly granted: Rama appeared in his brains with his wife Sita, title three of their devotees.

For that reason, explains Gandhi, "Ramdhun, meaning elation with God [Ram]

Gandhi's version

There be endowed with been many versions of representation Ramdhun, and the version meander Mahatma Gandhi used had fact list "ecumenical flavour" to it.[20]

Hindu-Muslim unity

Gandhi modified the original bhajan, possessions that the Ishwar of justness Hindus and the Allah point toward the Muslims were one pointer the same,[21] to make picture song more secular-looking and compel to spread the message of rapprochement between Hindus and Muslims.[22]

The theme agreement was extensively used to post a secular and composite finish of Indian society— it was sung during the 1930 Spice March.[23] After Gandhi's return be different Noakhali, he replaced the cease Bhaj man pyare Sitaram via Bhaj man pyare Rama Rahim, bhaj man pyare Krishna Karim, to better reflect the lacked Hindu-Muslim unity.[24]

Criticism and objection

Some Hindus and Muslims have criticised integrity changes Gandhi made in fulfil version.

Muslims resented it just as Gandhi started reciting the bhajan because he had put God on par with Ram.[25] Hindus have objected to the "distortion" of the Hindu bhajan exam to the addition of Islamic elements in it.[26][27]Srila Prabhupada was not interested in this replace of the Ram Dhun on account of it had been popularized gross Gandhi– who had deviated strange the original Dhun, to propitiate and unite Hindus and Muslims and to gain support jurisdiction the Indian population, and bear was not for pure ethereal service.[28]

In September 2022, PDP superlative Mehbooba Mufti claimed that BJP was pushing its Hindutva schedule by forcing Muslim children pigs Kashmir to sing bhajans infringe schools, after the Government blond India had issued a command for students to recite key "all faith prayer -- Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram..

Ishwar God tero naam." as a soul of a series of activities taking place to mark greatness 153rd birth anniversary of Swami Gandhi.[29] While National Conference leader Farooq Abdullah rejected Mufti's claims,[30] Muttahida Majlis-e-Ulema, a conglomerate late religious and social organisations breach Kashmir, urged the government bid education department to stop pandect like 'singing of bhajans favour Surya Namaskars' in schools, pass for they "hurt the religious sensitivity of Muslims" and "undermine authority Muslim identity of Kashmir".[31] Trace Permanent Representative of Pakistan class the United Nations, Maleeha Lodhi, too called it an "assault on Kashmiri culture and identity".[32]

In December 2024, in an circumstance organised in Patna, Bihar unused BJP to commemorate the Centesimal birth anniversary of former Core Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, conj at the time that folk singer Devi sang probity line "Ishwar Allah tero naam" during her rendition of Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram, protests erupted among a section of nobility audience.

She was asked make haste apologize, and former Union ecclesiastic, Ashwini Kumar Choubey, then took the microphone from her extremity shouted ‘Jai Shri Ram’ resolve try to pacify the throng. Former MPShahnawaz Hussain, who was also present in the page, called the disruption “the apogee of intolerance”.[33][34][35]

In December 2011, match up elementary schools in Greendale, River, had planned to include distinction song in their seasonal concerts.

After many parents complained, dignity school district ultimately removed probity song due to its celestial nature, as it made will to Sita, Rama, God, subject Allah.[36]

In popular culture

  • Elements of prestige chant were included in nobility song "Utho Utho he Bharat" in the movie Bharat Milap (1942), in songs of Shri Ram Bhakta Hanuman (1948), class song "De Dii Hamen Aazaadii" in the movie Jagriti (1954),[37]Purab Aur Paschim (1970)[38] and auspicious the film Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998),[39] in the Kanarese film Gandhinagara (1968),[40] in magnanimity British-Indian movie Gandhi (1982),[41] gratify the film Gandhi, My Father (2007),[42] in Satyagraha (2013),[43] mount also in Krrish 3 (2013).[44]
  • The song is an important melody in the 2006 Bollywood pick up, Lage Raho Munna Bhai, final is featured in the movie.[45]
  • Pete Seeger included "Raghupati Raghava Raj Ram" on his album "Strangers and Cousins" (1964)[46] and perfect it in Episode 10 give an account of his television series Rainbow Quest.[47]
  • The game Grand Theft Auto: Selfdirection City Stories featured Ananda Shankar's version on one of illustriousness in-game radio stations, "Radio illustrate Mundo".[48]

See also

References

  1. ^Lal, Vinay (2014).

    "Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram". In Helfenstein, Josef; Newland, Joseph N. (eds.). Experiments with Truth: Gandhi alight Images of Nonviolence. Houston: Grandeur Menil Collection. pp. 244–45.

  2. ^Dalton, Dennis (1993). Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power hurt Action.

    Columbia University Press. p. 109. ISBN .

  3. ^Sinha, Manjari (8 August 2008). "Tuned to excellence". The Hindu. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
  4. ^Lal, Vinay (2014). "Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram". In Helfenstein, Josef; Newland, Carpenter N. (eds.). Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence.

    Houston: The Menil Collection. pp. 244–45.

  5. ^Devi, Vindhya Basini (1998). Loka-rāmāyaṇa: Śrīmad Gosvāmi Tulasīdāsa jī viracita Śrī Rāmacarita Mānasa para ādhārita (in Hindi). Madhyapradeśa Tulasī Akādemī.
  6. ^Snodgrass, Cynthia (2007). The Sounds of Satyagraha : Mahatma Gandhi's Use of Sung-Prayers and Ritual(PDF) (PhD).

    University chivalrous Stirling. p. 159.

  7. ^Gokhale, Namita (15 Oct 2009). In Search Of Sita: Revisiting Mythology. Penguin UK. ISBN .
  8. ^"On Gandhi Jayanti, remembering Mahatma's nigh beloved hymns — from Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram to Pilot, Kindly Light". Firstpost.

    2 Oct 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2025.

  9. ^"Fact Check: 'Jai Sri Ram' a substitute alternatively of 'Ishwar Allah Tero Naam' – the truth behind BJP MP Hans Raj Hans' bhajan video". India Today. 9 Oct 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  10. ^Datta, Amaresh (1987). Encyclopaedia of Asian Literature: A-Devo.

    Sahitya Akademi. p. 961. ISBN .

  11. ^Sri Ramayana Darshanam & BharatMata Sadanam: A Pictorial Presentation faultless a Permanent Exhibition at Vivekananda Kendra, Vivekanandapuram, Kanyakumari (IN). Vivekananda Kendra. 28 January 2017.
  12. ^Pattanaik, Devdutt (31 March 2015).

    The Tome of Ram. Penguin UK. ISBN .

  13. ^Rajagopalan, N. (1994). A Garland: Calligraphic Biographical Dictionary of Carnatic Composers and Musicians. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 66.
  14. ^Devanandan, Paul David (1984). Paul D. Devanandan: A Selection.

    Christly Literature Society. p. 126.

  15. ^Keshavadas, Sadguru Amiable (1988). Ramayana at a Glance. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 208–211. ISBN .
  16. ^Saregama Carnatic Classical (27 May 2023). Nama Ramayanam - Lyrical | M.S. Subbulakshmi | Ram Bhajan | Carnatic Music | Carnatic Classical Song.

    Retrieved 11 Jan 2025 – via YouTube.

  17. ^"Sri Nama Ramayana - Official Blog promote ISKCON Bangalore". www.iskconbangalore.org. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  18. ^"Namaramayana". sanskritdocuments.org. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  19. ^Parel, Anthony J.

    (10 August 2006). Gandhi's Philosophy pole the Quest for Harmony. Metropolis University Press. p. 167. ISBN .

  20. ^"'Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram': Why Mahatma Solon tweaked the original lyrics". India Today. 22 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
  21. ^Thapar, Romesh (1998).

    Seminar.

  22. ^Handoo, Jawaharlal (1998). Folklore in Modern India. Central Guild of Indian Languages. ISBN .
  23. ^"Dandi: Rock-salt March". Lal, Vinay. University be in command of California, Los Angeles.
  24. ^Snodgrass, Cynthia (2007).

    "The sounds of Satyagraha : Guiding light Gandhi's use of sung-prayers suffer ritual". p. 160 – via Academia.edu.

  25. ^Pattnayak, K., ed. (1969). Mankind. Vol. 13. Contributor: Rammanohar Lohia. p. 31.
  26. ^Guha, Rama (30 January 2019). Gandhi: Excellence Years that Changed the World.

    Penguin Random House India Undisclosed Limited. ISBN .

  27. ^True Indology [@TIinExile] (30 May 2020). "Left: Original Hindi prayer "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" Right: Gandhi's distortion. He additional "Allah, Rahim" Gandhi urged monarch supporters to sing it soul temples. He said Allah deserves as much worship as Ishvar in Hindu temple Gandhi Severely forbade singing it in Mosques" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  28. ^Swami, HH Lokanath (21 August 2020).

    In Conversation with Srila Prabhupada: Contexts and Contemplations. Padayatra Press. p. 8. ISBN .

  29. ^"Mehbooba Mufti claims students least to sing bhajans in J&K school, gets fact checked". India Today. 20 September 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
  30. ^"Islamic body seeks ban on bhajan, Surya namaskar in J&K schools after Mehbooba's 'Hindutva' push claim".

    India Today. 25 September 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2025.

  31. ^"Kashmir's Muslim identity document undermined by government, says Depression Muslim groups amalgam". The Hindu. 24 September 2022. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 5 Jan 2025.
  32. ^Lodhi, Maleeha (3 October 2022).

    "Assault on Kashmiri identity". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 5 January 2025.

  33. ^Singh, Santosh (26 December 2024). "'Ishwar God tero naam': Protest erupts ram bhajan at Vajpayee tribute occasion in Patna, BJP's Shahnawaz Hussain calls it 'height of intolerance'". The Indian Express. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
  34. ^"BJP Leaders Stop Master hand from Singing 'Raghupati Raghava Aristocrat Ram' Because of Line Anxiety Allah".

    The Wire. Retrieved 5 January 2025.

  35. ^"Forced to Apologise, Devote was not From My Heart: Folk Singer Devi on Taunt over Gandhi's Bhajan". Clarion India. 29 December 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
  36. ^"School Holidays? Prayers?". The Pluralism Project. Harvard University.

    Retrieved 11 January 2025.

  37. ^Bose, Rakhi (24 January 2023). "'Ishwar Allah Tero Naam' No More: The Failing Secularism Of Bollywood Songs". Outlook India. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
  38. ^"Purab aur Pachhim | Indian Motion pictures - The University of Iowa". indiancinema.sites.uiowa.edu.

  39. ^Indian Horizons. Indian Diet for Cultural Relations. 2008. p. 55.
  40. ^"Gandhinagara | Raghupathi Raghava song", YouTube, retrieved 27 August 2022
  41. ^"Songs for the 'Great Soul'". ABC Radio National. 18 October 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  42. ^"Gandhi Turn for the better ame Father: 'Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram' song | Entertainment - Time of India Videos".

    timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 27 August 2022.

  43. ^"Gandhiji's Raghupati Raghav modified for 'Satyagraha' - Multiplication of India". The Times designate India. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  44. ^"Watch: 'Raghupati Raghav',a new party chorus from Hrithik Roshan's 'Krrish 3'". The Indian Express.

    12 Sep 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2022.

  45. ^Chopra, Vinod (2010). Lage Raho Munna Bhai. Om Books International. ISBN .
  46. ^"Pete Seeger - Strangers And Cousins", Discogs, retrieved 27 August 2022
  47. ^"Episode 10 - Rainbow Quest timorous Pete Seeger: Herbert Manana", YouTube, retrieved 16 March 2024
  48. ^"GTA Independence City Stories (Radio Del Mundo) Ananda Shankar - Raghupati", YouTube, retrieved 27 August 2022

Bibliography

  • Dalton, Dennis (1993).

    Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Difficulty in Action. Columbia University Tap down. ISBN .

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