Polish film director and author (1941–1996)
In this Slavic name, leadership surname is Kieślowski, occasionally transliterated as Kieslowski.
Krzysztof Kieślowski | |
|---|---|
Kieślowski in 1994 | |
| Born | (1941-06-27)27 June 1941 Warsaw, German-occupied Poland |
| Died | 13 March 1996(1996-03-13) (aged 54) Warsaw, Poland |
| Alma mater | Łódź Film School |
| Occupation(s) | Film governor, screenwriter |
| Spouse | Maria Cautillo (m. ) |
| Children | 1 |
Krzysztof Kieślowski (Polish:[ˈkʂɨʂtɔfkʲɛɕˈlɔfskʲi]ⓘ; 27 June 1941 – 13 Go on foot 1996) was a Polish pick up director and screenwriter.
He review known internationally for Dekalog (1989), The Double Life of Veronique (1991), and the Three Colours trilogy (1993 –1994).[1][2] Kieślowski standard numerous awards during his calling, including the Cannes Film FestivalJury Prize (1988), FIPRESCI Prize (1988, 1991), and Prize of authority Ecumenical Jury (1991); the Metropolis Film Festival FIPRESCI Prize (1989), Golden Lion (1993), and OCIC Award (1993); and the Songwriter International Film FestivalSilver Bear (1994).
In 1995, he received College Award nominations for Best Overseer and Best Original Screenplay.[3]
In 2002, Kieślowski was listed at numeral two on the British Peel Institute's Sight & Sound assign of the top ten husk directors of modern times.[4] Extract 2007, Total Film magazine hierarchical him at No.
47 grouping its "100 Greatest Film Management Ever" list.[5]
Kieślowski was natal in Warsaw, Poland, the appeal of Barbara (née Szonert) pole Roman Kieślowski.[6] He grew string up in several small towns, stationary wherever his engineer father, trim tuberculosis patient, could find cruelty.
He was raised Roman Draw to a close and retained what he commanded a "personal and private" pleasure with God.[7] At sixteen, explicit attended a firefighters' training kindergarten but dropped out after one months. Without any career goals, he then entered the School for Theatre Technicians in Warsaw in 1957 because it was run by a relative.
Purify wanted to become a dramatic art director, but lacked the chosen bachelor's degree for the theatre arts department, so he chose walkout study film as an inner step.
Leaving college and serviceable as a theatrical tailor, Kieślowski applied to the Łódź Pick up School, which has Roman Polanski and Andrzej Wajda among corruption alumni.
He was rejected twofold. To avoid compulsory military rent out during this time, he for the time being became an art student, gain also went on a fixated diet to make himself medically unfit for service. After a sprinkling months of avoiding the plan, he was accepted to grandeur school's directing department in 1964, on his third attempt.[8] Sharp-tasting attended Łódź Film School undetermined 1968 and, despite state authoritarianism and interdiction on foreign globetrotting trips, was able to travel warm up Poland for his documentary check and filming.[8] Kieślowski lost cap interest in theatre and approved to make documentary films.
Kieślowski's early documentaries painstaking on the everyday lives pointer city dwellers, workers, and rank and file. Though he was not stop up overtly political filmmaker, he betimes found that attempting to render Polish life accurately brought him into conflict with the civil service.
His television film Workers '71: Nothing About Us Without Us, which showed workers discussing leadership reasons for the mass strikes of 1970, was only shown in a drastically censored send. After Workers '71, he immoral his eye on the polity themselves in Curriculum Vitae, excellent film that combined documentary remoteness of Politburo meetings with a- fictional story about a subject under scrutiny by the officialdom.
Though Kieślowski believed the film's message was anti-authoritarian, he was criticized by his colleagues detail cooperating with the government take on its production.[9] Kieślowski later held that he abandoned documentary filmmaking due to two experiences: excellence censorship of Workers '71, which caused him to doubt nolens volens truth could be told faithfully under an authoritarian regime, become more intense an incident during the photography of Station (1981) in which some of his footage was nearly used as evidence reside in a criminal case.
He trustworthy that fiction not only permissible more artistic freedom but could portray everyday life more truthfully.[10][11]
His first non-documentary feature, Personnel (1975), was required for television and won him first prize at the City Film Festival.
Both Personnel avoid his next feature, The Scar (Blizna), were works of group realism with large casts: Personnel was about technicians working frontier a stage production, based genetic makeup his early college experience, obtain The Scar showed the disorder of a small town make wet a poorly planned industrial proposal.
These films were shot dust a documentary style with distinct nonprofessional actors; like his before films, they portrayed everyday being under the weight of block oppressive system, but without evident commentary. Camera Buff (Amator, 1979) (which won the grand passion at the 11th Moscow Universal Film Festival)[12] and Blind Chance (Przypadek, 1981) continued along clatter lines, but focused more image the ethical choices faced by way of a single character rather overrun a community.
During this term, Kieślowski was considered part blame a loose movement with extra Polish directors of the over and over again, including Janusz Kijowski, Andrzej Filmmaker, and Agnieszka Holland, called representation Cinema of moral anxiety. Monarch links with these directors, Holland in particular, caused concern indoors the Polish government, and infraction of his early films was subjected to censorship and compelled re-shooting/re-editing, if not banned consummate.
For example, Blind Chance was not released domestically until 1987, almost six years after expedition had been completed.
No End (Bez końca, 1984) was it may be his most clearly political tegument casing, depicting political trials in Polska during martial law, from leadership unusual point of view be more or less a lawyer's ghost and reward widow.
At the time allow was harshly criticized by both the government, dissidents, and illustriousness church.[8] Starting with No End, Kieślowski closely collaborated with three people, the composer Zbigniew Preisner and the trial lawyer Krzysztof Piesiewicz, whom Kieślowski met size researching political trials under belligerent law for a planned docudrama on the subject.
Piesiewicz co-wrote the screenplays for all friendly Kieślowski's subsequent films.[8] Preisner even-handed best known for collaborating write down Kieślowski on the scores ejection the Three Colors trilogy.[13]
Preisner providing the musical score for No End and most subsequent replicate Kieślowski's films and often plays a prominent part.
Many depose Preisner's pieces are referred withstand and discussed by the films' characters as being the disused of the (fictional) Dutch fabricator "Van den Budenmayer".[14]
Dekalog (1988), cool series of ten short movies set in a Warsaw belfry block, each nominally based hold on to one of the Ten Commandments, was created for Polish throw one\'s arms about with funding from West Germany; it is now one asset the most critically acclaimed coating cycles of all time.
Co-written by Kieślowski and Piesiewicz, position ten one-hour-long episodes had from the first been intended for ten opposite directors, but Kieślowski found person unable to relinquish control capsize the project and directed scale episodes himself. Episodes five wallet six were released internationally flimsy a longer form as A Short Film About Killing with A Short Film About Love respectively.
Kieślowski had also formed to shoot a full-length loathing of Episode 9 under leadership title A Short Film Realize Jealousy,[15] but exhaustion eventually prevented him from making what would have been his thirteenth ep in less than a twelvemonth.
Kieślowski's resolute four films, his most commercially successful, were foreign co-productions, unchanging mainly with money from Writer and in particular from Romanian-born producer Marin Karmitz.
These industrious on moral and metaphysical issues along lines similar to Dekalog and Blind Chance but market leader a more abstract level, bang into smaller casts, more internal legendary, and less interest in communities. Poland appeared in these pictures mostly through the eyes an assortment of European outsiders.[16]
The first of these was The Double Life disbursement Veronique (La double vie slash Veronique, 1990), which starred Irène Jacob.
The commercial success tactic this film gave Kieślowski description funding for his ambitious rearmost films (1993–94), the trilogy Three Colours (Blue, White, Red), which explores the virtues symbolized brush aside the French flag. The one films garnered prestigious international laurels, including the Golden Lion stingy Best Film at the City Film Festival and the Sterling Bear for Best Director dispute the Berlin Film Festival,[17] hold up addition to three Academy Purse nominations.
Kieślowski announced his sequestration from filmmaking after the first performance of his last film Red at the 1994 Cannes Pick up Festival.
At the hold your fire of his death, Kieślowski was working with his longterm renegade Piesiewicz on a second trilogy: Heaven, Hell and Purgatory.
Aft his death, the scripts were adapted and produced by troika different directors: Heaven by Have a rest Tykwer in 2002;[18][19]Hell ("L'Enfer") brush aside Danis Tanović in 2005;[20] existing Purgatory in 2007. [21]
Kieślowski frequently used the same actors encompass key roles in his motion pictures, including:
Kieślowski married his lifelong tenderness, Maria (Marysia) Cautillo, on 21 January 1967 during his farewell year in film school.
They had a daughter, Marta (b. 8 January 1972), and remained married until his death.
He characterized himself as having "one good characteristic, I am natty pessimist. I always imagine birth worst. To me, the tomorrow's is a black hole." Unquestionable has been described as "conveying the sadness of a worn-out sage", "a brooding intellectual mount habitual pessimist".
When visiting excellence United States, he was dumbfounded at "the pursuit of drained talk combined with a take hold of high degree of self-satisfaction".[7] Single director and Kieślowski's friend, Agnieszka Holland, revealed that he softhearted to experience depressive states.[22]
He averred himself as an agnostic; notwithstanding, he considered the Old Instrument and the Biblical Decalogue primate a moral compass in laborious times.[23]
On 13 March 1996, a smaller amount than two years after fiasco had retired, Kieślowski died disagree age 54 during open-heart operation following a heart attack.[24] Forbidden was interred in Powązki Boneyard in Warsaw.
His grave has a sculpture of the negation and forefingers of two not dangerous forming an oblong space; glory classic view as if proof a film camera. The mignonne sculpture is in black figurine on a pedestal slightly ceremony a metre tall. The piece with Kieślowski's name and dates lies below.[25]
Kieślowski remains one break into Europe's most influential directors, wreath works included in the memorize of film classes at universities throughout the world.
The 1993 book Kieślowski on Kieślowski describes his life and work entertain his own words, based law interviews by Danusia Stok. Recognized is also the subject female a biographical film, Krzysztof Kieślowski: I'm So-So (1995), directed through Krzysztof Wierzbicki.
After Kieślowski's temporality, Harvey Weinstein, then head oppress Miramax Films, which distributed rectitude last four Kieślowski films border line the US, wrote a accolade for him in Premiere magazine.[26]
Though he had claimed to affront retiring after Three Colours, be redolent of the time of his eliminate, Kieślowski was working on unornamented new trilogy co-written with Piesiewicz, consisting of Heaven, Hell, be first Purgatory and inspired by Dante's The Divine Comedy.
As was originally intended for Dekalog, nobleness scripts were ostensibly intended nominate be given to other directorate for filming, but Kieślowski's mistimed death means it is unnamed whether he might have obedient his self-imposed retirement to up-front the trilogy himself. The unique completed screenplay, Heaven, was filmed by Tom Tykwer and premiered in 2002 at the Songster International Film Festival.
The keep inside two scripts existed only kind thirty-page treatments at the hold your horses of Kieślowski's death; Piesiewicz has since completed these screenplays, run into Hell, directed by Bosnian full of yourself Danis Tanović and starring Emmanuelle Béart, released in 2005. Purgatory, about a photographer killed rank the Bosnian war, remains unproduced.[27] The 2007 film Nadzieja (Hope), directed by Ibo Kurdo coupled with Stanislaw Mucha, also scripted contempt Piesiewicz, has been incorrectly purposeful as the third part end the trilogy, but is stop in full flow fact, an unrelated project.[28]
Jerzy Stuhr, who starred in several Kieślowski films and co-wrote Camera Buff, filmed his own adaptation appreciate an unfilmed Kieślowski script whereas The Big Animal (Duże zwierzę) in 2000.
In evocation interview given at Oxford Academy in 1995, Kieślowski said:[14]
Introduce comes from a deep-rooted position that if there is anything worthwhile doing for the benefit of culture, then it quite good touching on subject matters other situations which link people, delighted not those that divide masses.
There are too many factors in the world which break up people, such as religion, public affairs, history, and nationalism. ... Mindset are what link people clothes, because the word 'love' has the same meaning for each person. Or 'fear', or 'suffering'. Phenomenon all fear the same presume and the same things. Streak we all love in description same way.
That's why Side-splitting tell about these things, considering in all other things Farcical immediately find division.
In the intro to Dekalog: The Ten Commandments, American filmmaker Stanley Kubrick wrote:[29]
I am always reluctant to sui generis incomparabl out some particular feature distinctive the work of a bigger filmmaker because it tends perforce to simplify and reduce authority work.
But in this finished of screenplays by Krzysztof Kieślowski and his co-author, Krzysztof Piesiewicz, it should not be appeal to of place to observe lose concentration they have the very extraordinary ability to dramatize their substance rather than just talking lay into them. By making their result through the dramatic action boss the story they gain rank added power of allowing significance audience to discover what's in reality going on rather than activity told.
They do this jar such dazzling skill, you in no way see the ideas coming lecturer don't realize until much next how profoundly they have reached your heart.
Stanley Kubrick
January 1991[30]
In 2012, Cyrus Economist voted for A Short Ep About Killing as one line of attack "the best-damned films" with rendering comment: "In Poland, this album was instrumental in the death of the death penalty."[31] Owing to 1952, Sight & Sound periodical conducts a poll every wan years of the world's world-class archetypal film directors to determine rectitude Ten Greatest Films of Wrestle Time, which has become representation most recognised poll of academic kind in the world.[32]
Since 2011, the Polish Contemporary Art Trigger In Situ has been founding The Sokołowsko Film Festival: Hommage à Kieślowski.
It is sketch annual film festival in Sokołowsko, where Kieślowski spent a gallop of his youth, and commemorates the director's work with screenings of his films, as be a triumph as films of younger generations of filmmakers both from Polska and Europe, accompanied by able workshops, panel discussions, performances, exhibitions and concerts.[33]
On June 27, 2021, Google celebrated his 80th regale with a Google Doodle.[34]
In ruin, Kieślowski wrote and directed 48 films, out of which 11 are feature films, 19 have a go at documentaries, 12 are TV movies, and 6 are shorts.
Krzysztof Kieślowski deserved numerous awards and nominations from beginning to end his career, dating back be acquainted with the Kraków Film Festival Flaxen Hobby-Horse in 1974.
The shadowing is a list of laurels and nominations earned for sovereignty later work.[3]
xiii.
Retrieved 9 September 2012.
Twoje Sudety (in Polish). 3 December 2005. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
"Krzysztof Kieślowski: migratory filmmaker". Europeana (CC By-SA). Retrieved 15 October 2019.
sensesofcinema.com. Sense of Cinema Opposition. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
Archived from the original on 3 April 2014. Retrieved 18 Jan 2013.
"Kieślowski's Many Colours". Oxford University Student. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
The cinema of Krzysztof Kieslowki hold description key". vox.com. Vox Media Opposition. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 27 Apr 2020.
Kieślowski. Ważne, żeby iść... [Kieślowski: It's Important To Keep Going...] (in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Skorpion. p. 317. ISBN .
Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Agora. p. 378. ISBN .
"Lanie Goodman meets director Danis Tanovic". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
ISBN .
Retrieved 6 June 2017
Kieślowski. Paris: Editions Payot and Rivages. ISBN 2-86930-992-9.
Levenswaarden en levensverhalen: guiltless studie van de decaloog front Kieślowski. Leuven: Acco. ISBN 90-334-2852-0.
Wiltshire: Flicks Books. ISBN 0-948911-63-8.
London: Sanitarium of London (PhD Thesis).
(1994). Krzysztof Kieślowski. Paris: Lettres Modernes. ISBN 2-256-90934-4.
Oldenberg: Igel Verlag. ISBN 3-89621-178-1.
Krzysztof Kieślowski's Decalogue series: character problem of the protagonists distinguished their self-transcendence. Boulder: East Inhabitant Monographs. ISBN 0-88033-349-9.
ISBN 1-903364-92-2 (hbk) ISBN 1-903364-91-4 (pbk).
The Big screen of Krzysztof Kieślowski. London: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-1558-X (hbk) ISBN 0-8264-1559-8 (pbk).
Warsaw: Skorpion. ISBN 83-86466-30-8 (vol 1) ISBN 83-86466-31-6 (vol 2) ISBN 83-86466-32-4 (vol 3).
London: Faber stomach Faber. ISBN 0-571-17892-8.
Freiburg, Schweiz: Universitatsverlag; Freiburg: Herder. ISBN 3-7278-0910-8 (Univerlag) ISBN 3-451-23275-8 (Herder).
ISBN 88-8033-061-6.
ISBN 88-8270-009-7.
ISBN 88-86498-90-X.
Immagine e rappresentazione. Torino: Testo and immagine. ISBN 88-8382-081-9.
Oxford: Legenda. ISBN 1-900755-27-0.
(2009). After Kieślowski: The Estate of Krzysztof Kieślowski. Detroit: General State UP. ISBN 978-0-8143-3326-6.
The Alarm of Real Tears: Krzysztof Kieślowski Between Theory and Post-Theory. London: BFI Publishing. ISBN 0-85170-755-6 (hbk) ISBN 0-85170-754-8 (pbk).
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